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Planning permission in Spain

Start with the thing most English-language pages get wrong: Spain has no national list of work you may do without permission. The state law says every act of building needs whatever the region and the town hall require, and it does not name a single threshold. That is not a gap in this page, it is the answer.

What the national law does say

Three sentences from the state law do the work here, and each of them lands harder on a foreign owner than on a Spanish one.

Every act of building needs whatever authorisation the regional and municipal rules require. The national law does not name a size, a threshold or a list of jobs; it points at the other layer of government. That is why there is no Spanish equivalent of the French table.

Todo acto de edificación requerirá del acto de conformidad, aprobación o autorización administrativa que sea preceptivo, según la legislación de ordenación territorial y urbanística, debiendo ser motivada su denegación.
Artículo 11.3, version 2018-01-17

Silence never gives you a right that breaks the planning rules. If the town hall does not answer, you have not been given permission by default, and a builder who tells you otherwise is telling you something the law says out loud is impossible.

En ningún caso podrán entenderse adquiridas por silencio administrativo facultades o derechos que contravengan la ordenación territorial o urbanística.
Artículo 11.3, version 2018-01-17

For a handful of acts the decision has to be express, and silence counts as a refusal. New build is on that list, which matters if your renovation turns into a rebuild. The list has other items too, and the quote below skips straight to the one that concerns a renovation; read the article at the source for the rest, and for the part of it that no longer stands.

Con independencia de lo establecido en el apartado anterior, serán expresos, con silencio administrativo negativo, los actos que autoricen: [...] b) Las obras de edificación, construcción e implantación de instalaciones de nueva planta.
Artículo 11.4, version 2018-01-17

Read that list at the source, because parts of it no longer stand. The Constitutional Court struck down passages of items a) and d) and upheld the ones about new build. Anyone quoting the whole list as current law is quoting a version that was cut back.

Téngase en cuenta que se declaran inconstitucionales y nulos los incisos destacados de las letras a) y d) y son constitucionales, en los términos establecidos por el fundamento jurídico 23, el inciso destacado de la letra b) y la letra c) del apartado 4, por Sentencia 143/2017, de 14 de diciembre.
aantekening van het BOE onder artikel 11.4, version 2018-01-17

The words to walk in with

Your answer sits with the town hall, so the useful thing is to arrive with the right terms. These four are the ones the paperwork uses, and the first one is already being typed by English speakers searching about Spain.

  • licencia de obra menor: the lighter route, for work that does not touch structure. What counts as menor is set by your municipality, not nationally.
  • licencia de obra mayor: the heavy route, normally when structure, volume or use changes. It usually needs a project signed by a technician.
  • declaración responsable: a declaration that lets you start while the town hall checks afterwards. Whether it is available to you, and for what, is again municipal.
  • ordenanza municipal: the document that actually holds your answer. Search it with the name of your town.

What this page does not cover

Naming the gaps is part of an honest answer, especially on a subject where the honest answer is that the detail lives somewhere else.

  • De regels van een enkele gemeente. Die staan in de ordenanza van dat dorp of die stad, en er zijn er ruim achtduizend; een pagina die er een paar uitlicht suggereert dat de rest erop lijkt.
  • De regels van de autonome gemeenschappen, die tussen het rijk en de gemeente in zitten en per regio verschillen.
  • Legalisatie achteraf. `retrospective planning permission in spain` gaf vier completions en verdient een eigen pagina; het regime daarvoor is hier niet opgehaald.
  • De doorlooptijd van een aanvraag, en wat er gebeurt als de gemeente niet reageert binnen die termijn.

Sources checked on 2026-08-18, each with the version the consolidated text itself carries.

Once you know which route applies, the tax on the work is a separate question: IVA on building work in Spain. And the costs sit on renovating a house in Spain.

Frequently asked questions

Is there a Spanish version of permitted development?

No. The national law names no size, no threshold and no list of jobs you may do freely. It says an act of building needs whatever authorisation the regional and municipal rules require, and those rules differ by town. Any page that gives you a national square metre figure for Spain has made it up.

The town hall has not replied. Can I start?

The law answers that one directly: rights that go against the planning rules can never be acquired through administrative silence. So a lack of reply is not a yes, and for some acts silence counts explicitly as a refusal.

Where do I actually find my answer?

In the ordenanza of your municipality, and in the rules of your autonomous community above it. Ask the town hall directly with the address, and use the Spanish terms below when you do.